Penyandang Autisma Cenderung Meningkat
Diposting Oleh: Admin RKB
Perubahan gaya hidup seperti pola makan, istirahat, kerja, juga membawa dampak negatif. Salah satu dampaknya adalah jumlah penderita autisma yang cenderung semakin meningkat.
'Beberapa tahun lalu jumlah pasien autis yang datang ke saya hanya 2-3 orang dalam setahun. Namun saat ini bisa 2-3 orang dalam sehari. Kalau tidak di-stop jumlah yang datang semakin bertambah banyak,” kata ahli kejiwaan, dr Melly Budhiman SpKJ di sela kegiatan kampanye peduli autisma di Jakarta, Sabtu (28/9/2013 ).
Melly mengatakan, saat ini kebanyakan makanan mengandung berbagai zat tambahan seperti pengawet, perasa, atau pewarna. Kondisi ini bisa memburuk dengan rendahnya konsumsi buah dan sayur tiga kali sehari, dengan sekali makan sebanyak satu mangkok. Belum lagi jam kerja yang memaksa seseorang menghabiskan waktu di jalan, sehingga tidak bisa beristirahat dengan baik.
Hal yang sama terjadi juga pada ibu hamil. Kondisi diperparah dengan paparan radikal bebas di lingkungan sekitar ibu hamil yang berasal dari asap bersumber dari rokok, knalpot, pabrik, atau tumpukan sampah. Hal ini tentu mempengaruhi kondisi janin dalam kandungan.
“Autisma dipengaruhi genetik dan lingkungan. Paparan lingkungan akan mempengaruhi genetik janin dan menyebabkannya autisma. Dengan polusi yang semakin meningkat, bukan tidak mungkin jumlah anak penderita autisma bertambah banyak,” kata Melly yang juga ketua Yayasan Autisma Indonesia.
Autisma, kata Melly, mulai bisa dideteksi saat anak berusia dua tahun. Individu spektrum autistik biasanya tidak bisa bicara kendati sudah berusia dua tahun. Hal ini diperkuat dengan kesulitan berekspresi atau bergaul dengan teman sebayanya. Anak bisa sangat agresif atau cenderung sangat pendiam, sehingga menimbulkan keengganan untuk mendekati.
Kondisi ini hanya bisa diketahui bila orangtua memerhatikan anaknya dengan teliti. Orangtua yang perhatian akan mudah mengetahui ada tidaknya gangguan perkembangan pada anak. Jika mengetahui adanya gangguan, orangtua bisa melakukan intervensi dengan melakukan terapi ke dokter ahli.
Lamanya terapi tidak sama pada setiap anak. Makin banyak gejala tambahan yang ditemukan, terapi akan semakin lama. Untuk individu spektrum autistik yang hanya menderita kesulitan bicara, terapinya tidak selama anak yang menderita kesulitan bicara dan ber-IQ rendah, atau kesulitan membedakan huruf dan simbol lainnya.
“Kondisi ini tak bisa ditawar lagi. Orangtua harus sangat memerhatikan tumbuh kembang anak. Makin dini gejala autisma diketahui, terapi bisa segera diberikan,” kata Melly.
Terapi yang diberikan sedini mungkin akan memberi hasil positif pada proses pemulihan penderita autisma.
Mengenali gejala utama autisma Setidaknya ada tiga gejala utama autisma, yaitu :
1. Mengalami gangguan komunikasi dua arah, bisa tidak mau atau terus menerus bicara.
2. Mengalami gangguan sosialisasi, merasa nyaman dengan diri sendiri.
3. Merasa memiliki dunia sendiri dan kerap melakukan gerakan berulang, kedua perilaku ini cukup menonjol pada penderita autis.
“Gejala ini memunculkan ekspresi yang berbeda pada individu spektrum autistik. Ada beberapa macam yang biasa ditemui. Bila ekspresi ini ditemukan segera bawa anak untuk memperoleh terapi,” kata Melly.
Ekspresi tersebut adalah:
1. Kurang bisa mengerti perasaan orang lain.
2. Mengalami kesulitan bermain dan bergaul.
3. Bereaksi berlebihan atau tidak sama sekali terhadap rangsang sensorik seperti penglihatan, penciuman, pendengaran, sentuhan, dan pengecapan.
4. Punya keterikatan untuk meniru gerakan benda di sekitarnya seperti mainan, benang, atau benda bergerak lainnya.
(Sumber : KOMPAS.com -)
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